M16- Americas Hero! Essay Example

M16- Americas Hero! Essay he M16 has evolved along with American Warfare. The M16 start off with a Research Project funded by the Army. The first model of the M16 rifle was the M16A1 which had many problems. (Wikimedia 1) The next model was the m16a2 which was the successor of the M16A1 that didn’t have the same problems. The following model was the M16A3 which was a newer more advanced M16 compared to the M16A2. (Wikimedia 1) Following the M16A3 was the M16A4 rifle that was even more sophisticated and technologically advanced than its earlier model.America had adopted the M16 and improved it until it became the weapon of choice in modern warfare. The origin of the M16 assault rifle came from the Operations Research Office soon after the end of the Korean war. (Gunpedia 1) This operation was funded at Hopkins University which was sponsored by the United States Army. (Gunpedia 1) In 1963, an American company named Colt received and order of 19,000 rifles for the United States Airforce. (Gunpedia 1) Thus the M16A1 is born. Then in 1966 the United States government put in a large purchase of 840,000 rifles to support the growing number of troops being stationed in Vietnam. Gunpedia 1) The M16A1 proved most ineffective during the war in Vietnam. This was because the M16A1 rifle had a jamming problem and the troops using this weapon were not prepared to clean it and keep it up on its maintenance. (Wikimedia 1) With the occasional jam many casualties occurred.This forced Colt to develop a new weapon that would not retain some of the flaws of the old rifle. Thus the M16A2 was born. This new rifle did not show any of the old rifles problems and was used to replace its older version. Gunpedia 1) As the years went by many innovations and improvements were made to the M16A2 assault rifle which led to the creation of the M16A3 and the M16A4 rifles. (Wikipedia 1) These newer models both came out by 1996. (Gunpedia 1) This was how the M16 came to be in America. The M16A1 was the first model of the M16 assault rifle used by the United States. The Country of origin of this rifle was the United States of America. The designer of this weapon was Colt which is an American company. This weapons production began in 1963 in The United States. (Gunpedia 1) The M16A1 shot a 5. 56 millimeter bullet. Mcnab 282) The M16A1 first saw combat in Vietnam in 1963. (Gunpedia 1) The Rifle was used in jungle warfare against the Vietnamese. The gun was ineffective because of a jamming problem; this was cause of many casualties. (Gunpedia 1) Although the M16A1 had its flaws it was used to replace the M14 as the United States standard infantry rifle. The M16A1’s successor was the M16A2. America then upgraded to the M16A2 rifle.This rifle fires rounds at 5. 56 millimeters. (Mcnab 282) This rifle had adjustable fire rate ranging from semi-automatic to three round burst. This rifle was engineered and first put in use in the early nineteen eighties. Gunpedia 1) There were numerous upgrades do ne to the M16A2 to increase its effectiveness on the field. The first upgrade was a windage adjustable sight that was placed in the rear of the carrying handle which was innovated by the United States. (Wikimedia 1) The next innovation was an adjustable stock that extended from five to eight inches for maneuverability; this was also an American improvement. (Wikimedia 1) Also the gun was made heavier to carry the bullet better. Also there was an added case deflector for left handed shooters. (Gunpedia 1) The hand deflector was made cylindrical to accommodate for left handed shooters. Gunpedia 1) Both of these advancements had been made by American companies. Although this was a huge advancement it was mainly used only in National Guard and the Navy by Navy Seals for Special Ops missions. (Wikimedia 1) The next model manufactured was the M16A3. The M16A3 was the Rifle model made after the M16A2. The M16A3 had a semi-Automatic mode and also supported a fully automatic setting as well. (Gunpedia 1) This rifle is commonly referred to as a M16A2 with a fully automatic setting and a Picatani rail. (Wikimedia 1) This is a common misconception because the M16A3 supports many more features than just these to.Although this was a new model it wasn’t widely used in the United States military. This was probably due to its almost identical features with the M16A2. This gun was mostly used by the Navy Seals and was ordered along with a larger batch of M16A4s. (Gunpedia 1) Colt was the manufacturer of this weapon. (Wikipedia 1) After these models of production were put out in 1994 a new model of M16A4s came in. The M16A4 is currently the newest model of the M16s. This rifle’s country of origin in the United States of America. (Wikimedia 1) The designer of this weapon of this weapon was the American company Colt.This weapons production started in 1994 in America. (Gunpedia 1) The A4 shoots a 5. 56 millimeter bullet and is gas operated. (Mcnab 282) This weapon is being used in Iraq and Afghanistan today. This rifle is the most modern rifle with the most advancements in the line of M16s. Although this is the best of the best when it comes to M16’s this rifle is being phased out of the U. S. military by 2010 being slowly replaced by the M4 Carbine. (Wikimedia 1) America had started with nothing and built its way to the most modern weapons we use today. America had started off with the problematic M16A1 rifle.After an advancement to the firing mechanism America had created the M16A2 rifle. With many improvements to the M16A2 rifle came the M16A3 and the M16A4 Rifles which are the most modern version of the M16 assault rifle today. America has made much advancement in technological warfare.Mcnab, Chris. Twentieth-Century Small Arms. Metro Books. New York, NY 1001, 122 fifth avenue, 2001. gt; (source 1) lt;†M16 Rifle† Wikipedia. 2010. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/M16_rifle

Tax Return Reviews by the Canada Revenue Agency

Tax Return Reviews by the Canada Revenue Agency Because the Canadian tax system is based on self-assessment, every year the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) conducts a series of reviews of the tax returns submitted to see what mistakes are being made and to ensure compliance with the Canadian income tax laws. The reviews help the CRA to correct areas of misunderstanding and to improve the guides and information they provide to the Canadian public. If your income tax return is selected for a review, it is not the same thing as a tax audit. How Tax Returns Are Chosen for Review Four main ways that a tax return is selected for a review are: randomlycomparing tax returns with other sources of information, such as tax information slipsthe type of tax credits or deduction claimedthe review history of an individual, for example, checking to ensure that an adjustment was made to a claim that was reviewed. It doesnt make any difference whether you file your tax return online or by mail. The process of review selection is the same. When Tax Reviews are Done Most Canadian income tax returns are initially processed without a manual review and a Notice of Assessment and tax refund (if appropriate) are sent as soon as possible. That usually is done about two to six weeks after the CRA receives the return. All tax returns are screened by the CRAs computer system, though, and a tax return may be selected for a review later. As pointed out by the CRA in the General Income Tax and Benefit Guide, all taxpayers are required by law to keep receipts and documents for at least six years in the case of review. Types of Tax Reviews The following types of reviews give an idea of when you could expect a tax review. Pre-assessment Review: These tax reviews are done before a Notice of Assessment is issued. The peak time frame is February to July.Processing Review (PR): These reviews are done after a Notice of Assessment is sent. The peak time is August to December.Matching Program: This program takes place after the Notice of Assessment has been sent. Information on tax returns is compared with information from other sources, such as T4s and other tax information slips. The peak period is from October to March. The Matching Program corrects the net income reported by individuals and corrects errors in a taxpayers RRSP deduction limit and spouse-related claims such as child-care expenses and provincial and territorial tax credits and deductions. The Matching Program also covers the Beneficial Client Adjustments initiative which identifies under-claimed credits relating to tax deducted at source or Canada Pension Plan contributions. The tax return is adjusted and a Notice of Reassessment is issued. Special Assessments: These tax reviews are done both before and after a Notice of Reassessment is issued. They identify both trends and individual situations of non-compliance. Requests for information are sent to the taxpayer. How to Respond to a CRA Tax Review In a tax review, the CRA first tries to verify the taxpayers claim using the information they have from third-party sources. If the agency needs more information, a CRA representative will contact the taxpayer by phone or in writing. When you respond to a CRA request, be sure to include the reference number found on the upper right corner of the letter. Answer within the time frame specified. Be sure to provide all documents and/or receipts requested. If all receipts or documents arent available, include a written explanation or call the number on the bottom of the letter with the explanation. If your tax return is being reviewed under the Processing Review (PR) Program, you may be able to send scanned documents online using the CRAs guidelines for submitting documents electronically. Questions or Disagreements? If you have questions or disagree with information received from a CRA tax review program, first call the phone number given in the letter you received. If you still dont agree after talking to the CRA, then you have the right to a formal review. See Complaints and Disputes for more information.

Human Sexuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 3

Human Sexuality - Essay Example There are numerous dimensions to human sexuality. Some are familiar and have been covered extensively by numerous research, studies and academic literature. However, I believe that there are interesting and new variables that are emerging today in our time. This is the main consideration why I have chosen the items outlined in this portfolio. From this perspective, for instance, Sigmund Freud comes to mind first. His interest in human sexuality has been seen as a challenge to the permeating social norms of the Victorian age. He was an agent of change in the field. I think that the social and cultural landscape of the contemporary world is in a threshold not unlike the transition period marked by the emergence of the Freudian school of thought. Then, the rest of the issues outlined here are, in my opinion, the pivotal forces that would shape human sexuality in the days to come. They share the elements of liberalism, technology and the constant challenge to tradition. In regard to my critical analysis, experience and values played a significant part although this is just up to some extent. I have chosen some traditional concepts in the portfolio such as those pertaining to procreation and love. Then, as part of the Western society, I have no qualms about my cultural bias against those who practice female genital mutilation even though I acknowledge that some serious considerations must be given to other peoples’ cultural and religious sensibilities.

Civil rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Civil rights - Essay Example Not until the 1960s did a considerable significant number of youth of America join and add their efforts to the movement. The scholarly works of Lawson and Payne have led them to contradictory opinions of the riotous years from 1945 to 1968. However both provide a gleaming, deviously nuance summary of the period. Charles Payne has thoroughly worked on the definitive study of the civil rights movement in the Delta. Payne divulges the bravery, infatuation, absurdity, and perseverance of thousands of black women and men who worked, against irresistible odds, to take charge of their destiny through his outstanding use of verbal interviews of past. This is the most ample and enlightening study of organizing on the grass-roots echelon that we have, and will be of importance to scholars, students, and activists alike. Lawson captures what is said "the view from the nation," in conflict that "it was the federal government ... that played an indispensable role in shaping the fortunes of the civil rights revolution. It is impossible to understand how Blacks achieved first-class citizenship ... in the South without concentrating on what national leaders ... did to influence the course of events" (p. 3). Explanation of Lawson argues that still after Birmingham and the March on Washington the nation had not been stimulated to crack the "legislative logjam" (p. 29) over an all-inclusive bill of civil rights. Lyndon B. Johnson's congressional wizardry and ethical dedication made it happened. It was as functional as the Selma demonstrations were in getting passage of Voting Rights Act 1965, Lyndon B. Johnson had inculcated the Justice Department to set up the bill "even before the Selma campaign had begun" (p. 32). "Throughout the history of the civil rights struggle, the national state played a key role in determining its outcome" (p. 40). Payne is piercingly critical of the "top-down" (p. 109) theory, asserting that top down approach falls short to value and understand the function ordinary people performed in changing the state, spotlights approximately exclusively on large-scale spectacular events to the disadvantage of "the real and authentic social infrastructure that continued the struggle on daily basis," and highlights only legislative modifications at the cost of perceiving the civil rights movement "as a changing experience for persons" (p. 110). Above all, conceivably, in Payne's opinion, the top-down elucidation promotes a triumphalism that marks off black fundamentals as a fringe anthology of ingrates, overlooking that by the end of their lives, "the gap between Martin Luther King's thoughts" and that of Malcolm X was "less than one might imagine" (p. 133). Payne's logical admiration for great organizers like Ella Baker guides him to view with evident commiseration their diverse feelings about "relatively short-term public events" (p. 125) like Birmingham and Selma that were highly influential in the civil rights revolution. Steven F. Lawson and Charles Payne scrutinize the persons who made the movement an achievement, both at the uppermost level of government and in the grassroots channels. Designed exclusively for college and university courses in American history, this is the best elucidation about the glory and agony of these

Immanual Kant Ethical Contribution Essay Example for Free

Immanual Kant Ethical Contribution Essay Born in Konigsberg, East Prussia in 1724, Immanuel Kant began school at the early age of eight years. He studied at the Collegium Fridiricianum, a Latin school that focused on classicism. Later he attended the University of Konigsberg and his major studies were physics, mathematics and philosophy. After receiving his doctorate, Kant became a teacher at the University and focused on philosophy. He was well known for his unorthodox approaches to religion and religious text that many students admired. However his radical teachings caught the eye of King Frederich William II, who barred him from any further writings. Kant obeyed the king until after the king’s death, Kant continued to write and publish his views on religion. He is famous for his deontic philosophical approach which believed actions were morally right or wrong, without the regard to consequences. Kant argued being moral was also being rational. Kant wrote the book Critique of Pure Reason in 1781 in which he investigated the limits of human knowledge and the ability to reason. Kant argued that we act morally because that is what reason demands and he analyzed the nature of reason and what it means to be rational. In 1797 Kant furthered his writings in the Metaphysics of Ethics, where he writes that reason is the fundamental authority for morality. The European Graduate School dictates â€Å"Metaphysics describes a science concerned with this inquiry, a solution to unsolvable problems set by pure reason itself, namely the concepts of God, freedom and Immortality. † Kant believed that our sense of duty, approved by reason and rationality, is considered moral. Kant believed that consequences were not important, but the processes in which people think when they make their choices. Kant argued only one thing was inherently good, and that was good will. Good will is also doing the right thing, doing one’s duty and respecting moral law. (LaFave 2006) This good will is found only in humans, not material, gives us human’s dignity and is our power of rational moral choice. (Garrett 2006) According to Kant, when we respect moral law we are doing something because it makes us feel good and we are doing it out of duty, not inclinations. Kant argues we know what the moral law is by using Categorical Imperative. The Categorical Imperative states â€Å"Act only on those maxims (or rules of action) that you could, at the same time, will to be universal law. † (Garrett 2006) Three tests must pass to for an act to be considered moral, 1) it must be amenable to being made consistently universal, 2) it must respect rational beings as ends in themselves; and 3) it must stem from and respect the autonomy of rational beings. (DeGeorge p. 64) Immanuel Kant unknowingly created what is now called Kantian philosophy with his works and studies. Not only did he have a major impact on literature and the fine arts, his biggest contribution was to modern philosophy. Kant died in 1804. Works Cited DeGeorge, Richard. Business Ethics. 7th Ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2010. Print. Garret, Jan. â€Å"Kant’s Duty Ethics. † Wku. edu. Western Kentucky University, 2 October 2006. Web. 12 June 2012. â€Å"Immanuel Kant – Biography. † Eds. edu, European Graduate School, n. d. Web. 12 June 2012. LaFave, Sandra, â€Å"Kant’s Ethics. † Instruct. westvalley. edu. West Valley College, 16 August 2006. Web. 12 June 2012.

University Costs :: essays research papers

University Costs How have university costs changed over the years? University costs have been steadily increasing throughout the last ten years as more and more students apply. However, foreign students feel the brunt of the hikes as they pay around the area of three times as much as in country students. What are some of the costs when going away to university? Costs that you are expected to cover when going away for university are listed below. 1) Tuition - this is the main expenditure when going away to university. Tuition cost run from about 2,000 - 4,000 dollars a year. 2) Books and supplies - this cost runs up at about 500 - 800 dollars per year for books. Average supplies range from about 100 - 200 dollars. 3) Transportation - when a student is away at university, the problem of getting to and from school arises. More than likely, this problem can be solved through public transportation such as, bus, subway, or shuttle train. The average cost for a years pass on one of these transportation systems is about 200 - 300 dollars. The other available option is to own a vehicle. The downside is gas drains the cash flow and student parking can be quite expensive at some universities. 4) Housing - a student who attends university away from home must find a place to eat, sleep and , of course, study. There are about three main options in this field of discussion. The first is dorm housing. The costs of sharing a dorm ranges from about 250 - 400 dollars per month. The second available option is to rent an apartment. A nice affordable apartment ranges from about 300 - 500 dollars a month. This type of apartments usually contains features such as a stove and a fridge. The final option is to board at a house. This is clearly the most affordable situation. Most meals are home cooked, you are equipped with a washer and dryer. The atmosphere of home is also a plus for first-time students who might feel homesick. The price to board ranges from around 200 - 400 dollars a month depending on how close you are to the campus. 5) Miscellaneous - costs that are included under the miscellaneous section are food, clothes, and personal expenditures. The average cost yearly for miscellaneous expenses can run from about 500 - 1000 dollars a year.

Effectiveness of your marketing plan Essay

There are a few quantifiable elements that Under Armor can use in order to evaluate, monitor and control the effectiveness of the marketing plan. One way is that a company can, is to take a look at there sales over different time periods. After looking at sales in increments of every two months or every six months, they would be able to determine the effectiveness. If it shows during certain times of the year they are saleing more then other times, and then they can see if there marketing changes helped or not. Another way that we can determine the effectiveness of the marketing plan for Under Armor is to have surveys that consumers can take. These surveys should be able to be taken online as well has when they purchase the product. This helps for the marketing team can see how consumers feel about the product. That way consumers can feel like they have some part in the product and it also helps the marketing team to make more precise changes. The more precise changes means that they can get right to the point of turning a profit and making the consumer happy. With that also being said happy consumers means loyal customers and constant profit. SWOT is also another quantifiable element that needs to be used with any company. SWOT helps to take a look at the in and outs of the marketing environment which helps to show what type of trends the Under Armor consumers are purchasing it at. SWOT is great because it looks at other marketing skills and any changes that way changes can be made as soon as possible and they can start to see better numbers or even just steady numbers. Making marketing changes always help to create more of an opportunity for a product that is trying to be sold. More opportunities mean more consumers and the better the profit. If the company is able to make changes for the better then that means that they are keeping there consumers happy and that helps with the word of mouth for the company and the products they are trying to sale. Resources: http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/200554736?accountid=35812 McDonald, M. (2010), â€Å"A brief review of marketing accountability, and a research agenda†, Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, Vol. 25 No. 5, pp. 383-94.